Sun Facts What You Need to Know

That sunlight we all enjoy basking in on a lazy afternoon? It comes from a star, the closest one to Earth. Its one of the great features of the Sun, which is the most massive object in the solar system. It efficiently provides the warmth and light that life needs to survive on Earth. It also influences  a collection of planets, asteroids, comets,  Kuiper Belt Objects, and cometary nuclei in the distant  Oà ¶rt Cloud. As important as it is to us, in the grand scheme of the galaxy, the Sun is really sort of average. When astronomers put it in its place in the hierarchy of stars, its not too big, nor too small, nor too active. Technically, its classified as a G-type, main sequence star. The hottest stars are type O and the dimmest are type M on the O, B, A, F, G, K, M scale. The Sun falls more or less in the middle of that scale. Not only that, but its a middle-aged star and astronomers refer to it informally as a yellow dwarf. Thats because its not very massive when compared to such  behemoth stars as Betelgeuse.   The Suns Surface The Sun may look yellow and smooth in our sky, but it actually has quite a mottled surface. Actually, the Sun doesnt have a hard surface as we know it on Earth but instead has an outer layer of an electrified gas called plasma that appears to be a surface. It contains sunspots, solar prominences, and sometimes gets roiled up by outbursts called flares. How often do these spots and flares happen?  It depends on where the Sun is in its solar cycle. When the Sun is most active, it is in solar maximum and we see lots of sunspots and outbursts. When the Sun quiets down, it is in solar minimum and there is less activity. In fact, during such times, it can look pretty bland for long periods of time. The Life of the Sun Our Sun formed in a cloud of gas and dust about 4.5 billion years ago. It will continue to consume hydrogen in its core while emitting light and heat for another 5 billion years or so. Eventually, it will lose much of its mass and sport a planetary nebula. Whats left over will shrink to become a slowly cooling white dwarf, an ancient object that will take billions of years to cool down to a cinder. Whats Inside the Sun The Sun has a layered structure that helps it create light and heat and diffuse them out to the solar system. The core is the central part of the Sun is called the core. Its where the Suns power plant resides. Here, the 15.7 million-degree (K) temperature and extremely high pressure are enough to cause hydrogen to fuse into helium. This process supplies nearly all of the energy output of the Sun, which allows it to give off the equivalent energy of 100 billion nuclear bombs each second. The radiative zone lies outside of the core, stretching to a distance of about 70% of the Suns radius, the hot plasma of the Sun  helps radiate energy away from the core through a region called the radiative zone. During this process, the temperature drops from 7,000,000 K to about 2,000,000 K. The convective zone helps transfer solar heat and light in a process called convection. The hot gas plasma cools as it carries energy to the surface. The cooled gas then sinks back to the boundary of the radiative and convection zones and the process begins again. Imagine a bubbling pot of syrup to get an idea of what this convection zone is like.   The photosphere (the visible surface): normally when viewing the Sun (using only proper equipment of course) we see only the photosphere, the visible surface. Once photons get to the surface of the Sun, they travel away and out through space. The surface of the Sun has a temperature of roughly 6,000 Kelvin, which is why the Sun appears yellow on Earth.   The corona (outer atmosphere): during a solar eclipse a glowing aura can be seen around the Sun. This is the Suns atmosphere, known as the corona. The dynamics of the hot gas that surround the Sun remain somewhat a mystery, although solar physicists suspect a phenomenon known as nanoflares are helping to heat the corona. Temperatures in the corona reach up to millions of degrees, far hotter than the solar surface.   The corona is the name given to the collective layers of the atmosphere, but it is also specifically the outermost layer. The lower cool layer (about 4,100 K) receives its photons directly from the photosphere, on which are stacked the progressively hotter layers of the chromosphere and corona. Eventually, the corona fades out into the vacuum of space. Fast Facts about the Sun The Sun is a middle-aged, yellow dwarf star. It is about 4.5 billion years old and will live anothe 5 billion years.The Suns structure is layered, with a very hot core, a radiative zone, a convective zone, a surface photosphere, and a corona.  The Sun blows a steady stream of particles out from its outer layers, called the solar wind.   Edited by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Ethics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)

239 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) Paper prepared by Tengku Mohd T. Sembok, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for the Regional Meeting on Ethics of Science and Technology 5-7 November 2003, Bangkok UNESCO Regional Unit for Social Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP) 241 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal and societal issues. We are faced with complex and difficult questions regarding the freedom of expression, access to information, the right to privacy, intellectual property rights, and cultural diversity. ICT is an instrumental need of all humans†¦show more content†¦ii. iii. Based on the findings, recommendations for action will be highlighted as programmes towards combating the negative aspects of the use of ICT, and towards achieving the positive results of embracing ICT culture in everyday life. 1.1 Overview Information technology is impacting all walks of life all over the world. ICT developments have made possible a transition in information storage, processing, and dissemination, from paper to virtual and from atoms to bits, which are now setting new standards of speed, efficiency, and accuracy in human activities. Computerized databases are extensively used to store all sorts of confidential data of political, social, economic or personal nature to support human activities and bringing various benefits to the society. However, the rapid development of ICT globally also has led to the growth of new forms of national and transnational crimes. These crimes have virtually no boundaries and may affect any country across the globe. 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This improvements have led to the emergence of such term as ‘Internet of Everything’, when more and more things, soon to include our clothes, are being embedded with different types of processors, electronics and sensors. While this growing network of everyday objects

Evaluation Plan For Breast Cancer Screening Programme †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Program Planning And Evaluation In Public Health and Evaluation Plan For Breast Cancer Screening Programme. Answer: Introduction There are so many programs related to health and care of public in the nation but the awareness of the programs in the view of public is not that much as should be. The main aim of public health program is to control disability, disease, injury and diseases. This task has become more complex to run in perfect manner. Evaluation motivates to examine the program in sophisticated manner; including which activities takes place, who involved in the activities and who is attain result. It is the report which will focus on the health care program and analyze will be done over the program in sophisticated manner. There is a lot of importance of evaluation plan because it determines the required information by stakeholders and the owner of the health care program (Grembowski, 2015). Along with that the valuation plan aids to gather the data by recognizing the effective possible methods and strategies. The Breast Cancer Screening program has been chosen for this assignment. The main purpose of choosing this program is to make aware ladies about the breast cancer earlier so that they can have the best chance to being cured. It has been analyzed that more than 2 billion women has breast cancer in UK. It is the program which is open for the ladies whose age between 50 to 70 years but for this the patient should be registered first with a GP to receive the invitations. There are various kind of stakeholders involve in the evaluation plan of breast cancer screening program (NCBI, 2016). The rational of evaluation plan will be discussed in this report. The major factors will be analyzed in an appropriate manner which can influence the successful dissemination and utilization of the evaluations finding. The main purpose of the evaluation plan is to attain the effective knowledge about the activities of the program (Kajiho, et. al., 2016). It will be facilitated to decide the outcomes of a health program by providing the evidence considering the contributions of program. Summary of the Evaluation Plan of Breast Cancer screening program Goal: the main objective of the breast cancer screening program to provide services all women aged 50 to 70 for screening every 3 years. The major goal of this program to facilitate discovers breast cancer as early as possible in term to enhance the chance of recovery (Cancer Research UK, 2017). Objectives Strategies Process Indicator Data Collection Methods of Process Indicators Impact/ Outcome Indicators Data Collection Methods of 2 Effect Indicators 1. To provide breast screening called mammography test to all women whose age between 50 and 70 years. Collect information from the data of census and offer them to get secured from breast cancer. Quality of the relevant information and quantity of the population. Survey conducted to get aware about the women who are suffering from breast cancer so that other women can get aware about the potential health issues and get checkup earlier. The screened women will be more aware about whether they have an issue regarding breast and the services to get cured from this disease would be available for them. Analyze the data of collected information to see the possibility of check up of breast cancer in among women. To provide knowledge about the pros and cons of breast cancer to those ladies who come with patients. Health care, health risk and behaviors, economics and health status are major process indicators. Survey conducted to get aware about the population. 2. To enhance the awareness and knowledge about this program so that women get chance of being cured. Advertisement of the program in the social media, news channel and news paper. Various kind of advertisement material made and circulated. Documentation and ask the people if they use social media. Women will get aware about the program and focus on to have test of it for once. It will be liable to reduce the risk of breast cancer and increase the satisfaction for health. Survey people exposed to the program activities. Conduct a program for making aware people about the program. The people who have age more than 65 years. Several ways of promotions. Survey 3. To improve the quality of life of women by protecting them from breast cancer. Conducting program and activities for improving the rate of protection of breast cancer and it would make easier for the nurses to reach at risk Number of aged people who involve in the activities. Satisfaction level of program and activities. Interview with women to get know about the concern related to breast issues with them so that the advice can be given to them to get tested in every 3 years. Activities will be implemented for the purpose of increasing the awareness of the program for women. Survey local and nationally of women whose age is above 50 and less than 80. 4. To reduce the reason of death in the world due to breast cancer. To focus on various factors such as health risks and behaviors, health status and the death rate of women by breast cancer. Vital elements such as specificity of diagnostic procedures, availability of nurse counseling and perform appropriate follow up. Review the sample of forms to checks the health concerns and other issues with women. After screening and test many women are readmitted with breast cancer. Activities of document and survey people who are screened. Rational of evaluation plan The evaluation plan is vital for improving the quality of health system involvement against Breast cancer and to understand whether these involvements have attained the measured goals. Monitoring is able to keep active manager to track progress of program or policies of the planned goals. Especially when new approaches are being used for instance innovative early detection programs (Eldredge, Markham, Ruiter, Kok and Parcel, 2016). It is essential to monitor closely both results whether they have nature of intended or unintended along with that the assumptions should be revised appropriately on which the involvement is based. Participatory evaluation is an approach that includes the stakeholders of a policy in the process of evaluation. The description about the methods, scope, design, stakeholders, ethical concerns, timing and political issues will be mentioned below in the context of Breast Cancer Program. Methods The methods are being taken to analyze the evaluation plan is qualitative data and quantitative data. The survey will be helpful to analyze the concern of women regarding breast cancer and other issues related to breast (Kim, et. al., 2014). Interview with women can be arranged who had experience of breast screen. The questionnaire is made to analyze and evaluate the effect of breast screening test. With the help of questionnaire the response of different people regarding test and the Breast Screening Program will be gathered which would be facilitated to know about the impact of this program. The information regarding program can be collected from the data of the program and use to inform policy development, enable strategic research and review the indicators of program (Hambly, et. al., 2009). It has been evaluated that The Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council (AHMAC) are agreed to an evaluation of the Breast Screen Australia Program in October 2005. By taking help of that report the evaluation plan of this program can be initiated. It comes under the quantitative data which will be helpful to check the concern of women regarding breast cancer. Scope The evaluation plan indicates that there are various challenges in the program of breast screening program but it can be resolved easily by making aware women about its pros so that they can get aware about the possible chances of being patient of breast cancer and cured herself prior. To make the evaluation plan for breast screening program, financial help is taken from government, NGOs and from those who are ready to donation for improving the condition of health of public. The main scope of the evaluation plan is to keep focus on false positives and false negative results. It cannot be found by screening that cancer is there that is why some pope with breast cancer will be missed. It refers as a false negative result. When the test picks up something in some women even they are not victim of breast cancer called as false positive result. Design The main focus of evaluation plan is to enhance he rate of the target age group to increase mortality reduction through a range of social marketing and communication. Along with those service delivery strategies is applied in the evaluation plan, while making sure there is enough capacity to meet the demand. The cross sectional design is taken to approach women from target population. It involves the women from linguistically and culturally background, women living in various major cities and women who surviving in very low remote areas. Stakeholders There are various stakeholders are contributed to implement the evaluation program. It includes doctors, women, nurses, and operators of program, agencies, governments, NGOs and consumers. These plans are improved due to contribution of them in the evaluation plan. The goal of evaluation plan is fulfilled due to support of stakeholders because they are the key themes of success of it (Posavac, 2015). The doctor is supportive in the term of treatment of breast cancer while the agencies, government and NGOs are supportive to provide financial support to conduct research over the people of breast cancer. Ethical issues Ethical consideration is vital process while researching something confidential. There are some ethical issues is arisen such as approval from committee, informed consent and conflicts between evaluation team. To prevent from ethical concern there are some policies are applicable which is liable to take action against those who disclose the confidential information while researching and evaluating (Andersen and Christensen, 2005). The property standards is involved in the evaluation plan while conducting that is service orientation, right of human subjects, human interactions, complete and fair assignments, fiscal responsibility and disclosure of findings. Timings It has been evaluated that the timing is required for evaluation plan is maximum 6 months because it involves the data of death due to breast cancer which is taken 1 or 1.5 months to evaluate in an adequate manner. Summative evaluation is considered to evaluate the data because it contains outcome evaluation and impact evaluation. These outcomes are brought the changes that have nature of short term and long term that outcome directly from the program like attitude change, social norms and knowledge and awareness (Skaane and Skjennald, 2004). Political issues Political issues can be the major issue for evaluating the plan regarding breast cancer. Internal pressure can be the reason of creating ethical issues. Policies are compulsory for making evaluation plan and it can also be the reason of issues as well (Lewin, et. al., 2002). The evaluation should b maintained and proper planned with anticipation of the various interest of several group. Political viability helps to obtain the cooperation so that the misuse of the outcomes can be avoided. Disseminate and Utilise Dissemination is considered as the process of communicating process and learning from the plan of evaluation to relevant audiences on time and it should be unbiased. There are so many elements of the evaluation which may be forceful to prevent the communication in proper manner that is why the reporting strategy should be discussed in prior with intended users and other specifics stakeholders (Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening, 2012). There is also requirement of planning effective communications to consider the timing the, message source and format of information products. This evaluation plan has been made on the Breast Cancer Screening Programme and it is important for the evaluation plan to attain entire disclosure and unbiased reporting in spite of how communications are made. It has been found that there are issues to implement the evaluation plan in an appropriate manner. These issues can be decreased by taking help of dissemination (Lyman, et. al., 2014). Evalua tion is also punctual staff to simplify their understanding about the goals of the program. There is involvement of many stakeholders in the evaluation plan and the issue can be come in the form of denying providing services on required time (Sewdass and Du Toit, 2014). The findings of evaluation should be utilized; there is also utilization that drive from the evaluating process. In the breast cancer program these process uses should be motivated to enhance the awareness of the women towards the test of breast cancer so that they can get cured before becoming the victim of it. The stakeholders who take part in an evaluation can experience reflective changes in beliefs and behaviour (Lauby-Secretan, et. al., 2015). For example, the challenges in the evaluation plan of breast cancer can force the other related member of evaluation plan to act differently in what they are pursuing and to positive or negative assumptions of people that interlinked program activities with intended effects. The promptness of clarity of goals and objectives of the evaluation plan is able to turn member of the evaluation plan to better function as team focused on a common end. In brief, interest in the logic, values and reasoning of evaluation can have effective but positi ve possessions like firming decisions on systematic judgments instead of on unfounded assumptions. There are additional process is also considered for evaluation that involve the clear definition of indicators which should be clear in the perspective of stakeholders (Gnant, et. al., 2011). It facilitates to make results matter by amending the corroboration linked with attaining the positive results. For instance, a funder can provide grant bonus or outcome dividends to a program that has reflected a major amount of community change and improvement. It has been learned from the evaluation plan of breast cancer to target those ladies whose age is more than 50 but lesser than 70. Conclusion It has been calculated that the role of evaluation plan is major in the health program for public because it helps to determine the impact of the program over the public. The possible changes can be accomplished by making evaluation plan for specific health program. It is the report which has been made on the breast cancer screening program. Program evaluation is able to recognize the location of the program in perfect manner and along with that it can recognize the lack of transportation as a barrier to attendance. The evaluation plan has been made on breast cancer screening program in which various objectives and strategies has been mentioned. Each strategy has process indicators which is having the source of data collection. Data is collected regarding women whose checkup or test of breast is done or remained from the survey and the report of census to get the data of women living in particular area. It has been evaluated that more than 15,000 breast cancers are diagnosed by scree ning in England. It has been recommended by the UK guidelines that women with a high risk of breast cancer if this issue is exist in the history of her family that is why it is important to have screening mammograms every year (Kalager, Zelen, Langmark and Adami, 2010). References Andersen, P.H. and Christensen, P.R., 2005,From localized to corporate excellence: How do MNCs extract, combine and disseminate sticky knowledge from regional innovation systems(No. 05-16). DRUID, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy/Aalborg University, Department of Business Studies. Cancer Research UK, 2017, Breast screening, Retrived on 30th October 2017 from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/screening/breast-screening. Eldredge, L.K.B., Markham, C.M., Ruiter, R.A., Kok, G. and Parcel, G.S., 2016,Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach, John Wiley Sons. Gnant, M., Mlineritsch, B., Stoeger, H., Luschin-Ebengreuth, G., Heck, D., Menzel, C., Jakesz, R., Seifert, M., Hubalek, M., Pristauz, G. and Bauernhofer, T., 2011, Adjuvant endocrine therapy plus zoledronic acid in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: 62-month follow-up from the ABCSG-12 randomised trial.The lancet oncology,12(7), pp.631-641. Grembowski, D., 2015,The practice of health program evaluation, Sage Publications. Hambly, N.M., McNicholas, M.M., Phelan, N., Hargaden, G.C., O'Doherty, A. and Flanagan, F.L., 2009, Comparison of digital mammography and screen-film mammography in breast cancer screening: a review in the Irish breast screening program.American Journal of Roentgenology,193(4), pp.1010-1018. Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening, 2012, The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review,The Lancet,380(9855), pp.1778-1786. Kajiho, H., Kajiho, Y., Frittoli, E., Confalonieri, S., Bertalot, G., Viale, G., Di Fiore, P.P., Oldani, A., Garre, M., Beznoussenko, G.V. and Palamidessi, A., 2016, RAB2A controls MT1?MMP endocytic and E?cadherin polarized Golgi trafficking to promote invasive breast cancer programs.EMBO reports,17(7), pp.1061-1080. Kalager, M., Zelen, M., Langmark, F. and Adami, H.O., 2010, Effect of screening mammography on breast-cancer mortality in Norway.New England Journal of Medicine,363(13), pp.1203-1210. Kim, J.H., Sharma, A., Dhar, S.S., Lee, S.H., Gu, B., Chan, C.H., Lin, H.K. and Lee, M.G., 2014, UTX and MLL4 coordinately regulate transcriptional programs for cell proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer cells,Cancer research,74(6), pp.1705-1717. Lauby-Secretan, B., Scoccianti, C., Loomis, D., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Bouvard, V., Bianchini, F. and Straif, K., 2015, Breast-cancer screeningviewpoint of the IARC Working Group, New England Journal of Medicine,372(24), pp.2353-2358. Lewin, J.M., D'Orsi, C.J., Hendrick, R.E., Moss, L.J., Isaacs, P.K., Karellas, A. and Cutter, G.R., 2002, Clinical comparison of full-field digital mammography and screen-film mammography for detection of breast cancer.American Journal of Roentgenology,179(3), pp.671-677. Lyman, G.H., Temin, S., Edge, S.B., Newman, L.A., Turner, R.R., Weaver, D.L., Benson III, A.B., Bosserman, L.D., Burstein, H.J., Cody III, H. and Hayman, J., 2014, Sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with early-stage breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update.,Journal of Clinical Oncology,32(13), pp.1365-1383. NCBI, 2016, The breast cancer screening program in Germany, Retrived on 30th October 2017 from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361021/. Posavac, E., 2015,Program evaluation: Methods and case studies, Routledge. Sewdass, N. and Du Toit, A., 2014, Current state of competitive intelligence in South Africa,International Journal of Information Management,34(2), pp.185-190. Skaane, P. and Skjennald, A., 2004, Screen-film mammography versus full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading: randomized trial in a population-based screening programthe Oslo II study.Radiology,232(1), pp.197-204. van Luijt, P., Heijnsdijk, E. and de Koning, H., 2014, breast cancer screening program.Overdiagnosis in the Dutch and Norwegian breast cancer screening program, p.115.

Levendary Cafe free essay sample

After gaining the power Foster felt the challenge to make Lavendary Cafe a multi-national brand;Wall Street’s were very skeptical about this idea. Foster did not have previous experience in an international management, therefore the risk was big, especially if the restaurants were supposed to enter China market;she knew that her idea will be in the center of attention. Over the 23 years Howard had relied on CCO-Lucian Leclerc, who had ability to take control risk and also was following the food-trend;Lavendar was in the top U. S. restaurants. The slogan was introduced: â€Å"Tasty Fresh Goodness’-TFG. As the marketing is an important part of the business the CCO decided to cooperate with advertising company to convey TFG concept through advertising images and copy. At the same time the logo was very well-think, as Lavendar Cafe promoted through healthy and cheap food;logo included earth tones to communicate natural. We will write a custom essay sample on Levendary Cafe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The look of the Cafe in each location is the same, but menu is changing in accordance to the local market preferences as well as pricing differences to meet local competition. But for the recognition purposes the outlook stays the same. Lavendary Cafe was categorized as the quick casual restaurants, therefore the entrees prices are between $8-$20. The two main characteristics of the Cafe are the salads, sandwiches and wholesome soups which are made using high-quality ingredients and a obligation to service in a friendly and comfortable environment. At the same time Lavender Cafe is recognize as the one which is willing to take a risk, especially those which help to develop and evaluate over the time and as a results in profits. The global business environment the company operates in. Consider the industry main competitions, and the biggest challenge Business environment is very competitive especially in food industry is very stable in terms of food and brand loyalty, therefore this forms a high barrier for new competition to break in to the market. ie. Lavendary cafe. Biggest challenge is to change the perception of the local consumers to switch from their staple food of ie. rice, to sandwiches, fresh soups and salads, which is of a more competitive price as wheat prices are booming due to high demand. herefore sandwiches act as a good substitute. to change the perception of new brand ie. lavendary cafe. Will be the most difficult task as there are many factors to consider, some are long term, as taste which requires high promotion especially if the market is very stable, which means high costs are expected. If entering a completely new market people have to see and with time brand is gaining customers. Oth ers are short term as income, demand/supply so, with time and great effort invested in promotional means, changes will emerge ie. hanges in taste, however, this also depends on other competitions product quality, if product quality of competitors decrease, this will encourage a substitution effect to arise, subsequently, consumers will be more willing to change their buying habits and o the market will be more penetrable. As Lavendary Cafe is very flexible their menu are different and especially fitted for the customers in given area. At the same time while brand was under Howard directions their emphasizes :†delighting the customers†. He was telling his stuff †Forget today’s profit. Have a positive impact on customers†. The plan was to gain lots of loyalty clients as the product could be very personalize, as adding extra cheese to the sandwich or making soup extra hot, Those little features are making people to come back. As McDonald was considered as the competition for Lavendary Cafe, they differ from each other in the strategy, while McDonald is creating same menu for its entire system Lavendary Cafe was more flexible and glocalization occurred. Different extra meals were offered and the North and different in the South. At the same time they wanted to â€Å"stay fresh† in the eyes of customers so every so often the choices of the menu were evolving and healthy top-product were added,, ie. quinoa or pomegranates. Also KFC is considered as a great competition, who had more than 3,000 restaurants in 450 Chinese cities and since 2010 KFC opened new store every day. They adapted to Chinese market through adding typical cuisine ie. congee rice porridge,, famous seasoning. McDondald entered Chinese market five years after KFC and developed very rapidly an by 2010, 1,100 restaurants operated in 110 cities. The organizational structure of the company. Organizational structure in the method by which an organization communicate, distributes responsibility and adapts to change. †Organizational structure is how a company utilizes its resources to achieve it goals† . The structure has to be dynamic to adapt to current market, needs and expectations. In the company the Vertical hierarchical organization structure was introduced. There is one CEO-Mia Foster. Directly under CEO there are five subjects, who are in turn, in charge of other subjects. This system seems to be not very well think and chaotic, as out of 5 subject two of them dont have direct downline, as Chief Franchise Officer and VP. Business Dev. In contrast EVP. Administrations have five other subject under to operate with. This is an example of an inefficient organization structure. The impact of culture of the chosen business activities around the world Chinese culture has high marginal propensity to save for thus therefore cheap sandwiches, salads and soups between 8-20 will attract and increase consumption of the goods. However due to chinese culture sandwiches do not appeal within this market. marginal propensity to save means the population in chinese culture prefer to save than to spend. United states of america , we have a have propensity to spend and so our taste and buying habits change also; for this reason, united kingdom’s market is every penetrable to new arising enterprises. However, in china this is different. The difference is in the income level of china and also the value of its currency; the value of chinese currency is very low and so, buying power is also very weak in comparison to other developing economies. hoices in china is also very low and there are regulatory barriers for new enterprises due to china’s economy is a closed market in terms of transfer of knowledge. for instance, china has barriers to block certain information from other country’s into china which exposes the chinese market to be negative. therefore, for these following reasons, it will be difficult to penetrate the chinese market as there are many of barriers and censoring in exposing certain products into the chinese market. or example, if lavendery cafe products change the taste of the chinese population away from the staple food of rice, china would put barriers to stop our export into china. This is because the rice market is predominant total revenue within china; if lavendaery products harm this stability, the competition will be eliminated. Within the united states of american market, it is a more developed economy and so the living standards within the united states of america is relatively high compared to China. ost part of china is rural areas and so living standards within these regions is very low; data shows families live under the poverty line, which is a family surviving under $2 per day. This is one of the main differences in contract to the united states of america; this information has to be considered by lavendery cafe, so that the location can be chosen to maximize profits and avoid potential losses to the business. American culture are big consumers of meat. for instance, fast food restaurants are very successful within the united states of america, where large portions are sold and consumed on a regular basis. or example, in McDonald’s large portions of fires and friend chicken is produced on a massive scale to supply the large demand for these consumables. Whereas, china’s main staple food is predominately, wheat, not meat. This is because of their culture. Wheat is very filling and so consumption need not to be large as it is a complex carbohydrate. in the contrary, the american market consume for pleasure as food is a luxury not a need. china on the other hand, has different understanding and perception of the value of food to be healthy. In addition, the chinese market is made up of the majority being labour intensive. For this reason, complex carbohydrates, which is rice for example, achieves what is required to satisfy and sustain hunger for long periods as chinese working hours is very long, without breaks. In contrast, in united states of america, working hours are relatively low compared to china, including good recreation hours between working shifts. Price elasticity measures the sensitivity of price changes of products. United states of america are price inelastic; changes in price of food will not cause a large change in demand for the product. or example, price of lavendery cafe salads increased by 2%, results in no changes to the demand of the salads. This maybe due to high income levels of the american population and that food price is relatively low. China in comparison, is very price elastic. Price elastic in terms of changes in food prices will cause a large change in the demand of X food product ie. the chinese market is very price sensitive. this is true in some regions for instanc e, in rural china as the income levels are relatively low, in comparison to the city ie. in Shanghai, where income levels are relatively very high and are stable in comparison. ith regards to this, lavendary should locate their business within the city where price elasticity is inelastic ie. within the cities of China, affluent familys are ale to afford to try a different western cuisine. Lavendary Cafe will have to adapt its sandwiches, soups and salads to accommodate the tastes of the chinese population to enable its sales to flow, following the examples of McDonalds and KFC. Chinese consumers are very unwilling to change their buying habits in terms of food. Therefore Lavendary Cafe has to invest a lot in marketing;high costs of promotion via mass media advertisement ie. TV and billboard promotions. The key management issues the chosen organization faces Inefficiency in communication horizontally can be a problem. There is no proper communication between admin and operating officer, this is further delayed by vertical miscommunication ie. EVP Administrations has many downlines and so communication errors can occur and cause delays within the chain of communication up the hierarchy then horizontally between departments. There is no smooth flow of the informations between departments. There is too many people in the hierarchy, therefore the informations are not being passed immediately therefore delays occurs. If there is an autocratic system, Mia Foster-CEO is the one who is making the final decision. Therefore there might be no motivation in managers, who are being below CEO. They cannot make decisions based on actual facts . Even if they would know more than CEO and their decision will be more inform decision than CEO to who infotmations are being passed from the managers, who are being below, even if the information are from first hand, CEO cannot asses them properly, as each manager is being specialised in given are, therefore their decision will be more proper and could bring lots of benefits, but in autocratic system CEO make all decisions. However Lavendary Cafe operate in the way that each franchise in each country ie. China will be tailored to the Chinese market not only to US market as they want to increase sales so adaptation of own product to the locals is essential to achieve the objectives.